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1.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 33(2): 194-202, Mar.-Apr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958399

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: In the last two decades, the increased number of implants of cardiac implantable electronic devices has been accompanied by an increase in complications, especially infection. Current recommendations for the appropriate treatment of cardiac implantable electronic devices-related infections consist of prolonged antibiotic therapy associated with complete device extraction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance of percutaneous extraction in the treatment of these devices infections. Methods: A systematic review search was performed in the PubMed, BVS, Cochrane CENTRAL, CAPES, SciELO and ScienceDirect databases. A total of 1,717 studies were identified and subsequently selected according to the eligibility criteria defined by relevance tests by two authors working independently. Results: Sixteen studies, describing a total of 3,354 patients, were selected. Percutaneous extraction was performed in 3,081 patients. The average success rate for the complete percutaneous removal of infected devices was 92.4%. Regarding the procedure, the incidence of major complications was 2.9%, and the incidence of minor complications was 8.4%. The average in-hospital mortality of the patients was 5.4%, and the mortality related to the procedure ranged from 0.4 to 3.6%. The mean mortality was 20% after 6 months and 14% after a one-year follow-up. Conclusion: Percutaneous extraction is the main technique for the removal of infected cardiac implantable electronic devices, and it presents low rates of complications and mortality related to the procedure.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pacemaker, Artificial/adverse effects , Prosthesis-Related Infections/surgery , Defibrillators, Implantable/adverse effects , Device Removal/methods , Postoperative Complications , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Prosthesis-Related Infections/mortality , Device Removal/adverse effects , Device Removal/mortality
2.
Invest. clín ; 54(4): 382-391, dic. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-740355

ABSTRACT

La endocarditis infecciosa (EI) asociada a dispositivos electrónicos implantables permanentes (DEIP) es una complicación de baja frecuencia pero alta mortalidad sin el tratamiento adecuado. El avance sobre el conocimiento de esta patología y el desarrollo de estrategias terapéuticas como el diagnóstico precoz, manejo de antibióticos, técnicas de extracción, entre otras, han mejorado el pronóstico de estos pacientes. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar la morbimortalidad intrahospitalaria y alejada y analizar algunos factores que justifican las diferencias con los datos de la mortalidad publicada. Se estudiaron en forma retrospectiva pacientes entre marzo/2002 y marzo/2011 con diagnóstico de EI asociada a DEIP. Se analizaron características basales, diagnósticas, terapéuticas, evolución intrahospitalaria y alejada. Se incluyeron 26 casos atendidos en nuestro hospital, 23 de los cuales fueron remitidos desde otros centros para su diagnóstico y tratamiento. La edad promedio fue de 67,5 años. Todos los pacientes recibieron antibióticos durante seis semanas y se les retiró el sistema en forma completa; en el 95% de los pacientes por vía percutánea y en 2 pacientes se requirió estereotomía mediana, atriotomía y colocación de marcapasos epicardíaco. La mortalidad fue del 4% y en el seguimiento fue nula. La morbilidad intrahospitalaria fue del 31%. En el seguimiento alejado no hubo reinfecciones u otra complicación. Como conclusión la EI es un cuadro grave que presenta una morbilidad elevada con estadías hospitalarias prolongadas, pero la mortalidad es baja. La explicación podría estar en las técnicas percutáneas, experiencia, extracción completa, el tiempo del reimplante del nuevo dispositivo y el tratamiento precoz, entre otros factores.


Infective endocarditis (IE) associated with permanent cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is a complication of low frequency, but high mortality without adequate treatment. Progress on the knowledge of this disease and the development of therapeutic strategies such as early diagnosis, antibiotic management and better extraction techniques, among others, have improved the prognosis of these patients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in-hospital and out-of-hospital morbidity, and analyze some factors that explain the differences among the published mortality data. Patients diagnosed with IE associated with CIEDs were studied, retrospectively, between March/2002 and March/2011. We analyzed baseline, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics, and in-hospital and out-of-hospital courses of the disease. We included 26 cases treated in our hospital, 23 of whom were referred from other centers for diagnosis and treatment. The average age of the patients was 67.5 years. All patients received antibiotics for six weeks and underwent complete removal of the device system, in 95% of patients by percutaneous extraction and 2 patients required a median sternotomy, atriotomy and epicardial pacemaker placement. Mortality was 4% and the follow up mortality was zero. The in-hospital morbidity was 31%. In the follow-ups there were no reinfections or other complications. In conclusion, IE is a serious condition that has a high morbidity with prolonged hospital stays, but with a low mortality. The explanation may lie in the use percutaneous extraction techniques, experience, complete extraction of the device system, the time of reimplantation of the new device and early treatment, among other factors.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Defibrillators, Implantable/adverse effects , Endocarditis, Bacterial/complications , Endocarditis, Bacterial/mortality , Pacemaker, Artificial/adverse effects , Prosthesis-Related Infections/complications , Prosthesis-Related Infections/mortality , Endocarditis, Bacterial/etiology , Prosthesis-Related Infections/etiology , Retrospective Studies
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 93(3): 290-298, set. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-529177

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Em nosso meio as próteses valvares biológicas predominam, considerando-se as dificuldades relacionadas à anticoagulação, mesmo em pacientes jovens, a despeito da necessidade de repetidas operações devido à degeneração das próteses biológicas. OBJETIVO: Apresentar a evolução em médio prazo de pacientes submetidos à substituição da valva mitral ou aórtica por prótese valvar mecânica St. Jude. MÉTODOS: Foi analisada retrospectivamente a evolução dos pacientes operados entre janeiro de 1995 e dezembro de 2003 e seguidos até dezembro de 2006. RESULTADOS: Cento e sessenta e oito pacientes receberam prótese valvar mitral e 117, aórtica. A idade média de ambos os grupos foi de 45 anos. Entre os mitrais, 75 por cento tinham até 55 anos e 65 por cento eram mulheres. Entre os aórticos, 66 por cento tinham até 55 anos e 69 por cento eram homens. Considerando-se apenas mortes relacionadas às próteses valvares, a sobrevida foi de 85,6 por cento para os mitrais e de 88,7 por cento para os aórticos (p=0,698). Entre os mitrais, 97 por cento estavam livres de reoperação, e entre os aórticos 99 por cento (p=0,335). Quanto aos eventos tromboembólicos, a porcentagem de pacientes livres foi de 82 por cento entre os mitrais e de 98 por cento entre os aórticos (p=0,049), e para os eventos hemorrágicos foi de 71 por cento e 86 por cento respectivamente (0,579). Quanto à ocorrência de endocardite, 98 por cento entre os mitrais e 99 por cento entre os aórticos estavam livres ao final de 10 anos (p=0,534). CONCLUSÃO: Nossa experiência com próteses metálicas St. Jude em uma população predominantemente jovem confirma o bom desempenho desta prótese, em acordo com outras experiências publicadas.


BACKGROUND: In our country, the biological valvular prostheses predominate, considering the difficulties related to anticoagulation, even in young patients, in spite of the need for repeated operations due to the degeneration of the bioprostheses. OBJECTIVES: To report our consecutive series of recipients of isolated St Jude Medical mechanical valve prosthesis in the mitral (MVR) or aortic (AVR) position. METHODS: Data from patients operated between January 1995 and December 2003 were revised in order to determine patient survival and prosthesis-related events up to December 2006. RESULTS: One hundred sixty eight patients had MVR and 117 had AVR. In the MVR cohort, the mean age was 45 years, 75 percent were 55 years old or younger, and 65 percent were females. In the ARV cohort, the mean age was 45 years, 66 percent were 55 years old or younger and 69 percent were males. Operative mortality for AVR and MVR was 7 percent and 7.5 percent, respectively. Freedom from late mortality was 81.8 percent at 10 years for MVR and 83 percent for AVR (p=0.752). Freedom from valve-related death at 10 years for the MVR cohort and AVR was 85.6 percent and 88.7 percent, respectively (p=0.698). In the MVR cohort, the freedom from reoperation was 97 percent and 99 percent in the AVR cohort (p=0.335). Freedom from thromboembolic events was 82 percent in the MVR cohort and 98 percent in the AVR cohort (p=0.049). Freedom from bleeding was 71 percent in the MVR cohort and 86 percent n the AVR cohort (0.579). Freedom from endocarditis was 98 percent in the MVR cohort and 99 percent in the AVR cohort (p=0.534). CONCLUSIONS: This series of predominantly young adult patients undergoing isolated MVR and AVR with the St Jude Medical mechanical prosthesis confirms the good performance of this valve prosthesis in agreement with previous reports.


FUNDAMENTO: En nuestro medio, las prótesis valvulares biológicas predominan, teniendo en cuenta las dificultades relacionadas a la anticoagulación, incluso en pacientes jóvenes, pese a la necesidad de repetidas operaciones debido a la degeneración de las prótesis biológicas. OBJETIVO: Presentar la evolución en medio plazo de pacientes sometidos a la sustitución de la válvula mitral o aórtica por prótesis valvular mecánica St. Jude. MÉTODOS: Se analizó retrospectivamente la evolución de los pacientes operados entre enero de 1995 y diciembre de 2003 y seguidos hasta diciembre de 2006. RESULTADOS: Un total de 168 pacientes recibió prótesis valvular mitral y otros 117, aórtica. La edad promedio de ambos grupos fue de 45 años. Entre los mitrales, el 75 por ciento tenía hasta 55 años y el 65 por ciento era mujeres. Entre los aórticos, el 66 por ciento tenía hasta 55 años y el 69 por ciento era de varones. Teniendo en cuenta solamente las muertes relacionadas a las prótesis valvulares, la sobrevida fue del 85,6 por ciento para los mitrales y del 88,7 por ciento para los aórticos (p=0.698). Entre los mitrales, el 97 por ciento estaba libre de reoperación, y entre los aórticos el 99 por ciento (p=0,335) lo estaba. En cuanto a los eventos tromboembólicos, el porcentaje de pacientes libres fue del 82 por ciento entre los mitrales y del 98 por ciento entre los aórticos (p=0,049), y para los eventos hemorrágicos fue del 71 por ciento y el 86 por ciento respectivamente (0,579). En cuanto a la ocurrencia de endocarditis, el 98 por ciento entre los mitrales y el 99 por ciento entre los aórticos estaba libre al final de 10 años (p=0.534). CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestra experiencia con prótesis metálicas St. Jude en una población predominantemente joven confirma el buen desempeño de esta prótesis, según otras experiencias publicadas.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Aortic Valve/surgery , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/mortality , Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects , Mitral Valve/surgery , Endocarditis/etiology , Endocarditis/mortality , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Prosthesis Design , Postoperative Hemorrhage/etiology , Postoperative Hemorrhage/mortality , Prosthesis-Related Infections/etiology , Prosthesis-Related Infections/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Reoperation/statistics & numerical data , Statistics, Nonparametric , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(1): 31-37, ene. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-483217

ABSTRACT

Background: Surgery for active endocarditis is indicated in cases of congestive heart failure (CHF), persistent sepsis, systemic embolization and paravalvular involvement. Aim: To assess and report the long term results of surgery in adult patients. Patients and methods: Retrospective review of clinical records and operative procedures of 32 patients aged 43± 13 years (28 women) subjected to reparative surgery for complications of endocarditis between 1993 to 2005. Results: In 25 percent of cases, endocarditis presented as a prolonged sepsis syndrome and in 31 percent as a CHF or both. The causative bacteria was Gram (+) in 53 percent and blood cultures were negative in 47 percent. Preoperative echocardiography showed vegetations in 56 percent of cases. An annular abscess, aortic valve rupture and bicuspid valve, was observed in 13 percent of patients. Post operative mortality was due to persistent sepsis and multiorganic dysfunction in 16 percent. Mean long term follow up was 43.8±47.2 months. Actuarial survival was 78 percent at 146 months. Conclusion: Surgical management of active endocarditis provides a good symptomatic recovery, with an excellent long term actuarial survival.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aortic Valve/surgery , Endocarditis, Bacterial/surgery , Heart Valve Diseases/surgery , Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects , Mitral Valve/surgery , Prosthesis-Related Infections/surgery , Aortic Valve/microbiology , Chile/epidemiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/mortality , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Valve Prosthesis/microbiology , Mitral Valve/microbiology , Prosthesis-Related Infections/mortality , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Sepsis/mortality , Sepsis/surgery , Treatment Outcome
5.
Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Méx ; 68(4): 315-21, jul.-ago. 1998. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-227578

ABSTRACT

La infección de prótesis valvulares se considera está relacionada con un peor pronóstico que la endocarditis de válvula nativa. Esto se debe entre otros factores, a la visualización inapropiada de las vegetaciones injertadas en las estructuras protésicas, especialmente de tipo mecánico, por ecocardiografía transtorácica. Objetivo. El propósito de éste estudio es describir nuestra experiencia en relación con las ventajas y limitaciones de la exploración ecocardiográfica a través del esófago en pacientes con prótesis valvulares infectadas para detectar vegetaciones y complicaciones de la endocarditits infecciosa y compararla con otras publicaciones de la literatura. Resultados. Se estudiaron 30 pacientes con historia clínica de infección de prótesis valvulares, en el periodo comprendido entre 1990-1997. En 21 pacientes la infección se localizó en prótesis mitral (70 por ciento), en 8 pacientes (24 por ciento) en prótesis aórtica y sólo en 1 en pulmonar. Se demostró endocarditis infecciosa en todos los pacientes a través del ecocardiograma transesofágico. En 22 pacientes se detectaron vegetaciones infecciosas solamente, en 6 pacientes vegetaciones más abscesos y en 2 pacientes absceso únicamente. En todos se corroboraron los hallazgos a través de cirugía y/o anatomía patológica. El 70 por ciento de los pacientes (21) fueron llevados a cirugía y el 30 por ciento (9 pacientes) recibió tratamiento médico únicamente. conclusiones. En base a nuestros resultados podemos concluir que: 1) La infección de prótesis valvulares es una complicación grave, con una mortalidad cercana al 23 por ciento. 2) La ecocardiografía transesofágica es la técnica de elección en el diagnóstico de la infección de prótesis valvulares


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Bioprosthesis/adverse effects , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Endocarditis, Bacterial/mortality , Endocarditis, Bacterial/therapy , Prosthesis-Related Infections/mortality , Prosthesis-Related Infections/therapy , Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects , Aortic Valve , Staphylococcal Infections/mortality , Staphylococcal Infections/therapy , Streptococcal Infections/mortality , Streptococcal Infections/therapy
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